Defect: Blistering & Flaking of Gilding
缺陷：鎏金起泡与脱壳
标签：起泡, 脱壳, 基体不洁, 驱汞不均
鎏金起泡、脱壳主因是铜胎除油不净、有氧化层或驱汞受热不均致金层与基体间残汞/气体。处理：铲除起泡层，重新打磨至金属光泽、除油活化，均匀低温慢驱汞。贴金起泡则多为金胶未干透或基面有尘/油，须清掉重贴。
Gilding blisters and shells mainly from poorly cleaned copper—residual oil, scale, or uneven heating that traps mercury/gas between gold and base. Remove the blistered layer, re-abrade to bright metal, degrease and activate, then drive mercury slowly and evenly at low heat. Leaf blisters mean size wasn't set or the base was dusty/oily—strip and re-lay. ---