Root-cause Tree: Cold Shuts & Misruns
冷隔与浇不足根因树
标签：冷隔, 浇不足, 根因分析, 浇注温度
失蜡铜件冷隔与浇不足按三条分支排查：金属侧——浇温低于工艺下限 20℃ 以上（锡青铜宜 1150–1180℃）、铜液氧化皮未撇净；型壳侧——焙烧终温不足（薄壁件壳温须 650–700℃）、面层透气性差；浇排侧——内浇口过薄、多股液流汇合点离直浇口过远。判读技巧：断口圆滑带氧化膜的是冷隔，尖角状"未到顶"的是浇不足。整改优先级：先提壳温 50℃ 试浇，再改浇道截面，最后才动合金成分，避免变量混叠。
Trace lost-wax cold shuts and misruns along three branches: metal — pour temperature 20°C+ below schedule (1150–1180°C for tin bronze) or dross left in the ladle; shell — insufficient burnout final temperature (thin sections need shell at 650–700°C) or poor face-coat permeability; gating — feeders too thin or confluences too far from the sprue. Reading the scrap: a smooth, oxidized seam is a cold shut; a sharp-edged shortfall is a misrun. Fix in order — raise shell temperature 50°C and retry, then re-cut gating, and touch alloy chemistry last to avoid confounded variables.