Experimental Archaeology of Han-dynasty Fire Gilding
汉代火法鎏金的实验考古复现
标签：实验考古, 汉代鎏金, 金相分析, XRD, 蒸汞工艺
对满城汉墓长信宫灯等鎏金器残片的检测显示：金层厚 2–10 μm、多层叠加，层间可见反复涂抹痕；XRD 检出 Au₂Hg 残留相，证实金汞齐路线。某高校考古团队复现：以金汞比约 1:4 调制金泥、竹签涂抹、木炭火 400℃ 蒸汞，单遍成金 1–2 μm，四遍达到 6 μm；实测敞开环境工作区汞蒸气浓度达 0.5 mg/m³，加装负压罩加碘化物吸附层后降至 0.02 mg/m³ 以下。结论：汉代"金涂"实为多层薄涂，比一次厚涂致密且耗汞更少。
Sampling gilt bronzes such as the Changxin Palace Lamp from the Han tombs shows layered deposits 2–10 μm thick with brush-back marks, and XRD detects residual Au₂Hg—confirming the amalgam route. A university team replicated it: gold paste at roughly 1:4 Au:Hg, applied with bamboo, driven off over charcoal at 400℃, yielding 1–2 μm per pass and 6 μm after four. Open-bench mercury vapor hit 0.5 mg/m³; a negative-pressure hood with iodide sorbent brought it under 0.02. Verdict: Han "gold painting" used multiple thin coats—denser and less mercury-hungry than one thick pass.