From Coal Stove to Programmed Ovens: A Century of Heat-coloring Equipment
从柴炉到程序控温：热着色设备的百年演进
标签：设备演进, 烘炉, 控温, 历史综述
热着色设备经历三代：早期工匠以炭炉/柴炉目测火色，温度波动 ±30 °C，成品率不足一半；20 世纪电热鼓风烘箱（±5 °C）令大面积面板着色可控，180–350 °C 分段保温各 10–15 min 成为教科书流程；2010 年代起 PID 程序烘箱（±1 °C、可存 20 段曲线）实现"色彩配方化"，同曲线重烤色差 ΔE < 2。选型经验：面板类用烘箱、曲面类用火焰、小件量产用履带式红外炉。
Heat-coloring equipment has seen three generations: charcoal/wood stoves read by eye (±30 °C, under 50% yield), electric forced-air ovens (±5 °C) that standardized panel work at 180–350 °C with 10–15 min holds, and since the 2010s PID programmed ovens (±1 °C, 20-step curves) that turn color into a recipe — re-baking the same curve lands ΔE < 2. Rule of thumb: ovens for panels, torches for curved forms, infrared conveyor furnaces for small-part production.