Forging Repairs: Straightening & Patching Historic Copperwork
铜器修复中的锻造矫正与补配
标签：博物馆修复, 矫正, 补配, 锤痕, 做旧
变形铜器（鎏金铜佛衣褶、建筑铜皮等）矫正遵循"低温多次"：先 500–600℃ 退火消应力，再用木锤与窝砧由周边向变形中心缓慢敲复，每轮变形量 ≤0.5 mm 防止金属疲劳开裂。缺损补配以同厚度铜片退火后锤出贴合曲率，锤痕方向与间距须与原作一致——残存工具痕是判断原锤序的依据。补块用锡焊或可逆环氧固定，接缝打磨后做旧衔接。
Straightening deformed copperwork (gilded Buddha drapery, architectural sheet) follows "low heat, many passes": anneal at 500–600°C to relieve stress, then work from the edges toward the deformation center with rawhide mallets on stakes, limiting each pass to ≤0.5 mm to avoid fatigue cracking. Patch fills use matching-thickness copper, annealed and hammered to the local curvature, with hammer-mark direction and spacing matched to the original — surviving tool marks are the reference for reconstructing the original hammer sequence. Patches attach by tin solder or reversible epoxy, then blend into the aged surface. ---