The Limoges Enamel School
利摩日珐琅画派
标签：利摩日, 画珐琅, 大明火, 文艺复兴, 法国工艺
15–18 世纪法国利摩日以铜胎画珐琅（émail peint）闻名：在 0.5–1.5 mm 铜板上敷白色底釉，以灰调釉彩分层作画，每层 800–850℃ 烧结，经七至十次"大明火"复烧完成发色，代表匠师 Léonard Limosin 曾为法国宫廷制作肖像盘。画珐琅不依赖掐丝，但对铜板纯度要求极高——微量铁杂质会使釉面发灰，因此选料与酸洗尤为关键。利摩日体系是欧洲珐琅肖像与当代画珐琅首饰的共同技术源头。
From the 15th–18th centuries Limoges, France, defined painted enamel on copper (émail peint): white ground on 0.5–1.5 mm copper, grey-toned enamel painting in layers fired at 800–850℃ through seven to ten grand feu cycles; master Léonard Limosin made portrait plates for the French court. No filigree is needed, but copper purity is critical—trace iron greys the glaze—so stock selection and pickling dominate prep. Limoges remains the common root of European enamel portraiture and contemporary painted-enamel jewelry. ---