Dry-film & Water-based Lubricants for Drawing
深冲润滑新趋势：干膜与水性润滑
标签：润滑, 干膜, 水性, 环保, 磷化, 清洗
近年环保法规推动润滑换代：水性合成拉伸油（含 3–5% 聚合物成膜剂）替代传统氯化极压油，摩擦系数 0.08–0.12，工件可直接水基清洗，省去溶剂脱脂。紫铜多道次深冲也可用磷化+皂化干膜（膜重 3–5 g/m²），二次拉深摩擦系数可低至 0.05。注意磷化膜对铜附着力弱于钢，需先草酸预活化 15 s。
Environmental rules are pushing lubricant changes: water-based synthetic drawing oils (3–5% polymer film formers) replace chlorinated EP oils, giving μ = 0.08–0.12 and water-washable parts — no solvent degreasing. For multi-pass copper drawing, a phosphate + soap dry film (3–5 g/m²) reaches μ as low as 0.05 on the second draw. Phosphate bonds weakly to copper versus steel, so pre-activate with oxalic acid for 15 s. ---