Common Defects: Porosity, Shrinkage, Cold Shut
常见缺陷：气孔、缩松、冷隔
标签：缺陷, 气孔, 缩松, 冷隔, 故障排查
①气孔：型壳未干透或金属含气，表现为表面小凹坑→延长焙烧、加脱氧剂、真空浇注。②缩松：厚处无补缩，内部海绵状疏松→加冒口、内浇口开厚处、控制冷却梯度。③冷隔：两股金属未熔合，呈线状凹陷→提高浇注温度/壳温、加大内浇口、加快浇注。记录每次工艺参数，建立本厂"工艺卡"是根治之道。
①Porosity: wet shell or gassy metal → longer burnout, deoxidizer, vacuum pour. ②Shrinkage porosity: thick section unfed, spongy interior → add riser, gate at thick section, control cooling gradient. ③Cold shut: two streams fail to fuse, linear groove → raise pour/shell temp, enlarge gate, pour faster. Logging parameters into a process card is the real cure. ---