Sprue & Gating System Design
树状浇道系统设计
标签：浇道, 浇注系统, 补缩, 离心铸造
浇道系统决定充型与补缩。基本原则：浇口杯→直浇道→横浇道→内浇口，内浇口应开在铸件最厚处以便补缩。蜡树（多件焊在一根直浇道上）可提高产量，但须保证每件的液态金属都能顺畅到达。离心铸造时直浇道居中、铸件沿径向分布；真空浇注则靠负压吸满薄壁。常见错误：内浇口过细（冷隔）、浇道比铸件薄（提前凝固堵死）、排气孔缺失（气孔）。
The gating system controls fill and feeding. Principle: pouring cup → sprue → runner → gate, with the gate at the thickest section for feeding. A wax tree (multiple parts welded to one sprue) boosts yield, but every part must be reachable by liquid metal. In centrifugal casting the sprue is central with parts radial; vacuum casting uses negative pressure to fill thin walls. Common errors: gate too thin (cold shut), runner thinner than the part (freezes early), no vent (gas porosity). ---