Defect: Flange Wrinkling & Wall Scoring
缺陷：凸缘起皱与侧壁拉毛
标签：起皱, 拉毛, 压边不足, 模具光洁度
凸缘起皱多因压边力不足或坯料相对厚度 t/D₀ 过小（薄料更易皱）；侧壁拉毛则源于模具表面粗糙、润滑不均或异物。处理：提高压边力、增设拉深筋、研磨凹模至 Ra≤0.4 μm、彻底清洁并重新均匀涂油。装饰铜件尤其要保证凹模镜面，避免表面留痕。
Flange wrinkling usually means insufficient hold force or too-low relative thickness t/D₀ (thin stock wrinkles easily); wall scoring comes from rough die surfaces, uneven lube, or debris. Fix by raising hold force, adding draw beads, polishing the die to Ra≤0.4 μm, and cleaning then re-oiling evenly. Decorative copper demands a mirror die to avoid surface marks. ---