Metallography & Reconstruction of Ancient Hammered Silverware
古代锤揲金银器的金相研究与技法复原
标签：金相分析, 银器, 实验考古, 锤揲
古代锤揲银器（萨珊银盘、辽代金银器、古希腊器皿）的金相研究：从器物边缘隐蔽处取 1–2 mm 小样，退火态银呈等轴晶与退火孪晶，冷加工区晶粒拉长、硬度升至 90–120 HV（退火态仅 50–70 HV）。取样前先做 XRF 面扫描确认合金成分与鎏金区域，避开纹饰主体。大英博物馆等机构的研究与实验考古复原表明，古代匠人多在沥青或铅制软基上冷锤成形、间歇退火；锤痕间距与复原件比对可作为断代与工坊归属的辅助证据。
Metallographic study of ancient hammered silver (Sasanian plates, Liao-dynasty ware, Greek vessels) takes 1–2 mm samples from hidden edges: annealed silver shows equiaxed grains with annealing twins, while cold-worked zones show elongated grains hardened to 90–120 HV against 50–70 HV annealed. XRF mapping first confirms alloy and gilt areas so decoration is avoided. Studies by the British Museum and experimental archaeology indicate ancient smiths cold-hammered over asphalt or lead cushions with intermittent anneals; comparing hammer-mark spacing with replicas offers supporting evidence for dating and workshop attribution.