Root Causes of Ink Bleed and Spatter on Rubbings
拓片洇墨与墨点飞溅的根因
标签：洇墨, 墨点飞溅, 根因诊断, 纸墨匹配
洇墨三个来源：①纸过湿——纸润超过八成或背纸积水，纤维间隙成水路，墨随水走；应待纸面"白而不亮"再扑墨；②墨太稀——市售墨汁直接使用常洇，按 1:1 兑入陈墨浓化，或加 5% 明矾水收涩；③拓包过饱和——包内积墨未排空，上纸前先在废纸拍 3–5 下。墨点飞溅则是捶击过重或拓包离纸过高，保持"扑子不离纸"、以腕力下压而非甩击。成品洇斑可用细毛笔蘸浓墨顺纹收边补救，无法挽救者裁切留边处理。
Bleed has three sources: over-wet paper—past 80% damping or standing water behind, fibres wick ink; wait until the sheet reads matte, not glossy. Thin ink—shop ink needs 1:1 strengthening with aged ink or 5% alum water. A saturated tampo—tap it 3–5 times on waste paper before touching the sheet. Spatter means pounding too hard or lifting the tampo off the paper—keep it in contact, press with the wrist, never flick. A bleed mark can be edged back with a fine brush and strong ink; otherwise crop.