The Zenghouyi Zun-pan: Scientific Study of Early Lost-wax Bronzes
曾侯乙尊盘与早期失蜡铸品的科技鉴定
标签：曾侯乙尊盘, 失蜡法争议, 科技考古, X光检测
1978 年湖北随州曾侯乙墓出土的尊盘（约前 433 年）以繁密透空蟠螭纹著称，是否用失蜡法铸造争论了四十年：华觉明等依据透空附饰无从分型的结构主张失蜡铸造，周卫荣等则提出组合范铸说。科技手段包括 X 光透视观察芯撑与铸接痕迹、各部位合金成分检测（铜约 55–60%，锡铅比例因部位而异）与纹样单元重复性统计。年代略早的淅川下寺春秋铜禁被学界普遍认定为失蜡铸品，为中国早期失蜡法提供了更清晰的实物证据链。
The Zun-pan from the tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng (Suizhou, Hubei, c. 433 BC), famed for its dense openwork interlaced-dragon ornament, has anchored a 40-year debate: Hua Jueming argued the un-sectionable openwork attachments must be lost-wax, while Zhou Weirong proposed segmented mould assemblies. Scientific study combines X-radiography for chaplets and cast-on joins, composition analysis by area (about 55–60% Cu with Sn and Pb varying by part), and statistics on repeating ornament units. The earlier Spring-and-Autumn bronze jin from Xiasi, widely accepted as lost-wax, anchors the early Chinese evidence chain.