Noise & Hand-arm Vibration Protection in the Forge
锻造车间噪声与手臂振动防护
标签：噪声, 手臂振动, 职业健康, 听力保护
手锻锤击声级 95–110 dB(A)，超出 85 dB(A) 的 8 小时接触限值（GBZ 2.2 与 OSHA 基本一致），必须配 SNR 25 dB 以上耳罩，砧座下垫 20 mm 橡胶板可降 3–5 dB。动力锤操作者面临手臂振动综合征（HAVS，"白手指"）：计划作业使 8 小时等效振动 A(8) 低于行动值 2.5 m/s²，单次连续锻打控制在 20 min 内并轮换工种；冬季保持手部温暖、戒烟以维持末梢血循环。每年做听力图与振动敏感度检查，异常者调离锻打岗位。
Hand-hammering runs 95–110 dB(A), beyond the 85 dB(A) 8-hour limit (GBZ 2.2 aligns with OSHA): wear muffs of SNR 25 dB or better, and a 20 mm rubber pad under the anvil buys 3–5 dB. Power-hammer operators face hand-arm vibration syndrome ("white finger"): plan work so the 8-hour equivalent A(8) stays under the 2.5 m/s² action value, cap continuous striking at 20 minutes with job rotation, keep hands warm in winter and quit smoking to protect peripheral circulation. Annual audiograms and vibration-sense testing move affected workers off striking duty.