Metallography & Lead-isotope Provenancing of Ancient Bronzes
古铜器金相与铅同位素产地溯源
标签：金相分析, 铅同位素, 冶金考古, 溯源
从器物底部或銴部隐蔽处取 20–50 mg 样品，镶样抛光后用三氯化铁盐酸溶液浸蚀 10–15 s：α 树枝晶加（α+δ）共晶体指示含锡约 10% 的铸态组织，球状铅分布说明有意加铅改善流动性。铅同位素比值（²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb 等）用 MC-ICP-MS 测定，与矿床数据库比对可追溯铜料来源——殷墟青铜器与铜绿山、中条山矿料的对应研究即由北京科技大学与牛津大学完成。金相、成分、同位素三线证据结合，才能区分矿源混合与回炉重熔。
Take a 20–50 mg sample from a hidden base or handle area, mount and polish, then etch 10–15 s in ferric-chloride/hydrochloric solution: alpha dendrites plus (α+δ) eutectoid indicate an as-cast alloy near 10% Sn, while globular lead shows deliberate addition for fluidity. Lead-isotope ratios (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and others) measured by MC-ICP-MS match against ore-deposit databases to trace metal sources — the correlation of Yinxu bronzes with Tonglüshan and Zhongtiao Mountain ores was established by USTB and Oxford. Only metallography, composition and isotopes together distinguish mixed ores from remelted scrap.