Ventilation Design for Metal Fume & Carbon Monoxide
金属烟尘与一氧化碳的车间通风设计
标签：金属烟尘, 一氧化碳, 局部排风, 铸造热, 职业健康
黄铜熔炼超过 900℃ 时锌蒸发形成氧化锌烟尘，吸入后 4–8 小时引发"铸造热"（金属烟雾热），职业接触限值 ZnO 为 5 mg/m³（OSHA PEL）。炉口上方装伞形排烟罩，罩面控制风速 0.5–1 m/s，烟气经布袋净化后外排。燃气炉熄火与烟道倒灌会造成一氧化碳积聚，炉前与休息区各装 CO 报警器（一级报警 25 ppm）。每季度委托机构做个体空气采样，熔炼工每年职业健康体检，重点查呼吸系统与血铅。
Above 900°C brass boils off zinc as oxide fume, causing metal fume fever 4–8 hours after exposure; the occupational limit is 5 mg/m³ ZnO (OSHA PEL). Fit a canopy hood over the furnace mouth with 0.5–1 m/s capture velocity and exhaust through bag filtration. Gas furnaces add CO risk from flame-out or flue backdraft — mount CO alarms (first alarm 25 ppm) at the melt deck and break room. Commission quarterly personal air sampling and annual medical surveillance for melt crews, focused on respiratory checks and blood lead.